Squamous Cell Carcinoma Guide

Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is the second most common type of skin cancer in the UK, accounting for 23% of non-melanoma skin cancers (NMSC). SCC typically develops in areas exposed to sunlight, such as the face, scalp, ears, and hands. Although often treatable when detected early, SCC can grow aggressively and spread to other parts of the body in advanced cases. This guide provides an overview of SCC, including symptoms, causes, treatments, and prevention strategies.

Page Highlights

What is Squamous Cell Carcinoma?

Signs of Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Causes and Risk Factors for SCC

Why Treat Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Types of Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Squamous Cell Carcinoma Treatment Options

What to Expect During SCC Treatment

Aftercare Tips for SCC Treatment

Preventing Squamous Cell Carcinoma

How Much Does SCC Removal Cost?

 
Suspicious lesion representing a skin cancer

What Is Squamous Cell Carcinoma?

Squamous cell carcinoma is a cancer that develops from the keratinocytes, the cells in the outer layer of the skin (epidermis). It begins when the DNA of these cells is damaged, often by ultraviolet (UV) radiation, leading to abnormal growth.

Key Facts About SCC:

•SCC is a type of non-melanoma skin cancer.

•It often appears on sun-exposed areas, though it can occur anywhere on the body.

•SCC accounts for 20% of all cancers and is particularly common in individuals over the age of 50.

While most SCCs are localised, advanced cases can spread to lymph nodes and other parts of the body, requiring more intensive treatment.

Read more on Squamous Cell Carcinoma at the British Association of Dermatologists

Signs of Squamous Cell Carcinoma

SCC can present in various forms, making it important to recognize potential warning signs.

Common Signs:

Scaly or Crusty Patch: A raised, rough lesion that may bleed or ulcerate.

Non-Healing Ulcer: A sore that does not heal, often located in areas prone to sun exposure.

Thickened Skin or Growth: A wart-like or horn-shaped projection.

Tender or Painful Area: Discomfort in the affected region, though not all SCCs cause pain.

If you notice persistent changes in your skin, consult a dermatologist for evaluation.

Causes and Risk Factors for SCC

SCC is primarily caused by cumulative exposure to UV radiation, but other factors can contribute to its development.

Risk Factors for SCC:

Sun Exposure: Prolonged or intense exposure, particularly in fair-skinned individuals.

Chronic Skin Damage: Burns, scars, or long-standing wounds.

Immune Suppression: Conditions like HIV, or medications such as methotrexate or ciclosporin.

Age and Gender: More common in older adults and slightly more prevalent in men.

Skin Conditions: Disorders like xeroderma pigmentosum increase susceptibility.

Why Treat Squamous Cell Carcinoma?

Early treatment is essential for preventing complications associated with SCC:

Local Tissue Destruction: Untreated SCC can grow deeper into the skin, affecting underlying tissues.

Metastasis: In advanced cases, SCC can spread to lymph nodes and other organs.

Recurrence Risk: Addressing SCC early reduces the likelihood of recurrence.

Types of Squamous Cell Carcinoma

SCC varies in presentation, with several subtypes that determine its behavior and treatment approach:

1. Cutaneous SCC: The most common form, often linked to sun exposure.

2. Bowen’s Disease: A superficial SCC that appears as a red, scaly patch.

3. Keratoacanthoma: A rapidly growing but usually non-aggressive form of SCC.

Squamous Cell Carcinoma Treatment Options

Treatment depends on the size, location, and stage of the SCC.

1. Surgical Excision

What It Is: The tumour and a margin of surrounding healthy tissue are surgically removed. Occasionally, plastic surgery reconstructive techniques such as skin grafts or local flaps are required if the wound can not be simply closed.

Best For: Most SCC cases.

Benefits: High success rate with minimal recurrence risk.

2. Curettage and Electrodessication

What It Is: The tumour is scraped away, and heat is applied to destroy remaining cells.

Best For: Superficial SCCs.

Benefits: Quick and cost-effective.

3. Radiation Therapy

What It Is: High-energy rays target and destroy cancer cells.

Best For: Patients unable to undergo surgery.

Benefits: Non-invasive option for advanced cases.

4. Systemic Treatments

What It Is: Chemotherapy or immunotherapy for SCC that has spread.

Best For: Advanced or metastatic SCC.

Benefits: Treats SCC throughout the body.

What to Expect During SCC Treatment

1. Consultation: A skin cancer specialist examines the lesion and may perform a biopsy to confirm the diagnosis.

2. Treatment Plan: Depending on the stage of SCC, a tailored approach will be recommended.

3. Procedure: Surgery or another method is used to remove the lesion.

4. Follow-Up: Monitoring ensures complete recovery and checks for recurrence.

Read more on What to Expect.

Aftercare Tips for SCC Treatment

Proper aftercare promotes healing and reduces the risk of recurrence:

Keep the Area Clean: Gently wash with soap and water when your dressings are removed and pad dry.

Protect Your Skin: Use sunscreen daily and wear protective clothing.

Monitor the Area: Watch for signs of infection or recurrence.

Follow Specialist Advice: Attend all follow-up appointments as recommended.

Preventing Squamous Cell Carcinoma

You can reduce your risk of developing BCC by:

•Wearing broad-spectrum sunscreen daily (SPF 30 or higher).

•Avoiding peak sun hours (10 a.m. to 4 p.m.).

•Wearing protective clothing, hats, and sunglasses.

•Avoiding tanning beds.

•Performing regular self-checks for skin changes.

How Much Does SCC Treatment Cost in Edinburgh?

The cost of SCC treatment varies depending on the method and complexity:

Consultation Fee: £100.

Treatment Costs: Start from £950 for removal of small SCC’s. 

Private Consultant Plastic Surgeon Edinburgh

Dr Kazem Nassar

Consultant Plastic Surgeon

When to Consult a Specialist

You should see a specialist if you notice:

•A persistent sore that doesn’t heal.

•Changes in the size, shape, or color of a lesion.

•A history of prolonged sun exposure or previous skin cancer.

Why Choose a Plastic Surgeon for SCC Removal?

Plastic surgeons are uniquely equipped to ensure the best cosmetic and cancer safe outcome. With their advanced training in skin surgery and aesthetics, they can minimize scarring and deliver a more natural-looking result.

Frequently Asked Questions : Skin Cancer Removal

Scarring depends on the size and location of the cancerous lesion and the treatment method used. Our surgeons aim to achieve the best possible cosmetic outcomes, particularly in cosmetically sensitive areas.

Picture of Authored by Dr Kazem Nassar

Authored by Dr Kazem Nassar

MBChB (University of Edinburgh) FRCS (Plast)
GMC Specialist Register for Plastic Surgery

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