- Skin Surgeons Edinburgh
- Waterfront Private Hospital
- 0131 376 2744
Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is the second most common type of skin cancer in the UK, accounting for 23% of non-melanoma skin cancers (NMSC). SCC typically develops in areas exposed to sunlight, such as the face, scalp, ears, and hands. Although often treatable when detected early, SCC can grow aggressively and spread to other parts of the body in advanced cases. This guide provides an overview of SCC, including symptoms, causes, treatments, and prevention strategies.
Page Highlights
What is Squamous Cell Carcinoma?
Signs of Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Causes and Risk Factors for SCC
Why Treat Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Types of Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Squamous Cell Carcinoma Treatment Options
What to Expect During SCC Treatment
Aftercare Tips for SCC Treatment
Squamous cell carcinoma is a cancer that develops from the keratinocytes, the cells in the outer layer of the skin (epidermis). It begins when the DNA of these cells is damaged, often by ultraviolet (UV) radiation, leading to abnormal growth.
Key Facts About SCC:
•SCC is a type of non-melanoma skin cancer.
•It often appears on sun-exposed areas, though it can occur anywhere on the body.
•SCC accounts for 20% of all cancers and is particularly common in individuals over the age of 50.
While most SCCs are localised, advanced cases can spread to lymph nodes and other parts of the body, requiring more intensive treatment.
Read more on Squamous Cell Carcinoma at the British Association of Dermatologists
SCC can present in various forms, making it important to recognize potential warning signs.
Common Signs:
•Scaly or Crusty Patch: A raised, rough lesion that may bleed or ulcerate.
•Non-Healing Ulcer: A sore that does not heal, often located in areas prone to sun exposure.
•Thickened Skin or Growth: A wart-like or horn-shaped projection.
•Tender or Painful Area: Discomfort in the affected region, though not all SCCs cause pain.
If you notice persistent changes in your skin, consult a dermatologist for evaluation.
SCC is primarily caused by cumulative exposure to UV radiation, but other factors can contribute to its development.
Risk Factors for SCC:
•Sun Exposure: Prolonged or intense exposure, particularly in fair-skinned individuals.
•Chronic Skin Damage: Burns, scars, or long-standing wounds.
•Immune Suppression: Conditions like HIV, or medications such as methotrexate or ciclosporin.
•Age and Gender: More common in older adults and slightly more prevalent in men.
•Skin Conditions: Disorders like xeroderma pigmentosum increase susceptibility.
Early treatment is essential for preventing complications associated with SCC:
•Local Tissue Destruction: Untreated SCC can grow deeper into the skin, affecting underlying tissues.
•Metastasis: In advanced cases, SCC can spread to lymph nodes and other organs.
•Recurrence Risk: Addressing SCC early reduces the likelihood of recurrence.
SCC varies in presentation, with several subtypes that determine its behavior and treatment approach:
1. Cutaneous SCC: The most common form, often linked to sun exposure.
2. Bowen’s Disease: A superficial SCC that appears as a red, scaly patch.
3. Keratoacanthoma: A rapidly growing but usually non-aggressive form of SCC.
•What It Is: The tumour and a margin of surrounding healthy tissue are surgically removed. Occasionally, plastic surgery reconstructive techniques such as skin grafts or local flaps are required if the wound can not be simply closed.
•Best For: Most SCC cases.
•Benefits: High success rate with minimal recurrence risk.
•What It Is: The tumour is scraped away, and heat is applied to destroy remaining cells.
•Best For: Superficial SCCs.
•Benefits: Quick and cost-effective.
•What It Is: High-energy rays target and destroy cancer cells.
•Best For: Patients unable to undergo surgery.
•Benefits: Non-invasive option for advanced cases.
•What It Is: Chemotherapy or immunotherapy for SCC that has spread.
•Best For: Advanced or metastatic SCC.
•Benefits: Treats SCC throughout the body.
1. Consultation: A skin cancer specialist examines the lesion and may perform a biopsy to confirm the diagnosis.
2. Treatment Plan: Depending on the stage of SCC, a tailored approach will be recommended.
3. Procedure: Surgery or another method is used to remove the lesion.
4. Follow-Up: Monitoring ensures complete recovery and checks for recurrence.
Read more on What to Expect.
Proper aftercare promotes healing and reduces the risk of recurrence:
•Keep the Area Clean: Gently wash with soap and water when your dressings are removed and pad dry.
•Protect Your Skin: Use sunscreen daily and wear protective clothing.
•Monitor the Area: Watch for signs of infection or recurrence.
•Follow Specialist Advice: Attend all follow-up appointments as recommended.
You can reduce your risk of developing BCC by:
•Wearing broad-spectrum sunscreen daily (SPF 30 or higher).
•Avoiding peak sun hours (10 a.m. to 4 p.m.).
•Wearing protective clothing, hats, and sunglasses.
•Avoiding tanning beds.
•Performing regular self-checks for skin changes.
The cost of SCC treatment varies depending on the method and complexity:
•Consultation Fee: £100.
•Treatment Costs: Start from £950 for removal of small SCC’s.
You should see a specialist if you notice:
•A persistent sore that doesn’t heal.
•Changes in the size, shape, or color of a lesion.
•A history of prolonged sun exposure or previous skin cancer.
Plastic surgeons are uniquely equipped to ensure the best cosmetic and cancer safe outcome. With their advanced training in skin surgery and aesthetics, they can minimize scarring and deliver a more natural-looking result.
Skin cancer surgery is a medical procedure aimed at removing cancerous lesions, including Basal Cell Carcinoma (BCC), Squamous Cell Carcinoma (SCC), and melanoma. The surgery may involve various techniques to ensure complete removal while preserving as much healthy tissue as possible.
There are several techniques used for treating skin cancers, both surgical and non-surgical:
Topical Medications: We utilise prescription creams and gels designed to target and destroy cancer cells. These treatments are particularly effective for superficial cancers, offering a non-invasive solution with minimal side effects.
Excisional Surgery: This method involves surgically removing the cancerous tissue along with a margin of healthy skin. It is highly effective in treating various types of skin cancers.
Electrosurgery: This approach combines the physical removal of cancerous cells through scraping (curettage) with the application of electrical currents to destroy any remaining cells (electrodesiccation). It is particularly suitable for small, superficial cancers, providing a balance between treatment effectiveness and cosmetic outcomes.
While the risks are generally minimal, skin cancer treatments can sometimes lead to scarring, infection, or an allergic reaction to anaesthesia. Our medical team takes comprehensive precautions to minimise these risks.
Scarring depends on the size and location of the cancerous lesion and the treatment method used. Our surgeons aim to achieve the best possible cosmetic outcomes, particularly in cosmetically sensitive areas.
The duration of the procedure varies but typically lasts between 30 minutes to a few hours, depending on the complexity and type of treatment performed.
Local anaesthesia is applied to the area around the cancer to prevent pain during surgical procedures. Patients may experience minor discomfort or a sensation of pressure during and after the treatment.
Most patients can return to their daily activities shortly after the procedure. However, recovery time may vary, especially for larger or more complex surgeries.
You should consider skin cancer treatment if you have been diagnosed with BCC, SCC, or melanoma, or if you have suspicious lesions that are changing in size, shape, or colour, or that cause bleeding, itching, or pain.
The removed tissue is typically sent for histological analysis to confirm the diagnosis and ensure all cancerous cells have been removed. This helps determine if further treatment is necessary.
The choice between different treatment options depends on the type, size, and location of the skin cancer, as well as your personal medical history and cosmetic concerns. Our surgeons will discuss the best option for you during your consultation.
Post-treatment care involves keeping the treatment site clean, applying prescribed ointments, and following any specific instructions given by your surgeon. Healing time varies by individual but usually takes a few weeks.
While the goal of treatment is to remove all cancerous cells, there is a small chance of recurrence. Regular follow-up appointments are recommended to monitor for any signs of recurrence.
Yes, follow-up appointments are essential to ensure proper healing, discuss the results from histological analyses, and monitor for any signs of recurrence.
MBChB (University of Edinburgh) FRCS (Plast)
GMC Specialist Register for Plastic Surgery
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